The University of Texas at Austin
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Fall semester 2009
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Government 390L/MES 381
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Prof. Clement M. Henry
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Unique numbers: 39422, 42498
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Office: Batts 4.152; email:
chenry@mail.utexas.edu
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Batts 1.104: Wed 7-10 p.m.
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Office hrs: MW 1-2:45
p.m.
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POLITICS OF THE
MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
This seminar will critically examine various
Western (Weberian, Marxist, and post-structural) approaches to the
study of politics in the Middle East and North Africa, particularly
within the Arab world. We stress theoretical assumptions about
politics as well as the content of contemporary everyday politics in
the region because our understanding of the everyday may be victim to
our own intellectual tastes and prejudices. For instance, is
"Islamism" an ideology like Marxist-Leninism? Are the "Bolsheviks" or
extremists bound to win out? We tend to think by analogy, and it is
important for us to be aware of our underlying assumptions.
How, if at all, and under what conditions may
"democracy" develop in the Muslim parts of the Middle East and North
Africa? This seems to be the most important question facing the
region today: must its authoritarian regimes make major changes in
order to survive? Why is democracy viewed by many in the region as an
American sledgehammer? Political transitions are also a major concern
of students of comparative politics. We will keep coming back to this
question as we analyze institutions, processes, classes, civil
society, groups, modes of production, clienteles, ideologies,
strategic elites, professions, and the like--categories used to
compare political systems. You will also be expected to acquire a
good contextual appreciation of at least two countries of the Middle
East or North Africa in addition to Egypt, which is well discussed in
some of the core readings.
ASSIGNMENTS
Three oral presentations in class
- one presentation on the required reading for
the week - focus on one or two of them and present a critical
analysis (10 - 15 minutes).
- two presentations, no more than 10 minutes
each, critically summarizing an asterisked (*) book on the
suggested readings. Each of these two presentations is to be
accompanied by a class handout of no more than one single-spaced
page.
Two papers, each 10-15 pp. long (3-4000 words),
analyzing, comparing, and contrasting works read in the seminar. Each
paper may include one of the books you presented in class and should
focus on a particular problem or concept (e.g.. the utility of class
analysis for explaining political change), supporting your argument
with illustrations from at least two countries in the region. The
paper should not
be a research paper. It should incorporate as many of the required
readings as you may find relevant to the theoretical topic and
argument you are pursuing. Consider it like a take-home exam where
you are framing the question. Try to include a discussion of
at least 5
assigned readings (these may be fleeting references, the more the
better, to show that you are integrating what you read into an
argument) as well as an optional reading or two.
Here are some suggestions. They are not intended
to exhaust or inhibit your intellectual imagination.
- 1. What is "civil society" and how, if at all,
can this "western" concept usefully be applied to Middle Eastern
and/or North African societies?
- 2. Discuss patterns of social and political
mobilization in any two countries of the region which experienced
some form of western domination. Did political mobilization
engender greater national cohesion or fragmentation? Why?
- 3. Does class interest have any visible impact
upon modes of governance, political strategies of rulers, or
particular policies in any Middle Eastern or North African state?
Be sure in your answer to try at least two alternative definitions
of class. Would a focus on concrete interest groups be more useful
or less so?
- 4. Does the current emphasis on privatization
in a number of countries which had earlier engaged in extensive
state planning efforts mean that civil society is being
substantially strengthened at the expense of the state?
- 5. Is the persistence of patron-client
relationships compatible with class or interest group
analysis?
- 6. Why might Islam be or not be compatible
with liberal democracy? Discuss with reference to at least two
national contexts where "Islamist" movements seem significantly to
affect political life.
- 7. Under what conditions might you expect
tribes to be politically significant in the contemporary Arab
world? Discuss with reference to two political systems. What is a
"tribe"?!
- 8. Discuss the uses and possible abuses of a
concept like modernization or development as applied by the social
sciences to the study of Middle Eastern/North African societies.
Do you have suggestions for revising one of these concepts to
facilitate useful cross national comparisons?
- 9. Can it still be argued, after so much
"deliberalization" in the past decade or two, not to mention the
chaos in Iraq, that Arab political systems are making transitions
from authoritarian to democratic rule?
- 10. How useful is dependency theory for the
understanding of contemporary MENA societies?
- 11. How useful are categories like
authoritarianism and democracy for understanding political
realties in the region? Can you (re)define them?
- 12. Why hasn't the MENA joined the rest of the
world, including some sub-Saharan states, in making transitions to
democracy?
- 13. Some commentators have described some Arab
states as "tribes with flags." However autocratic their regimes
may be, do you think these states are strong or weak - and what do
is meant by a strong or weak state? Has the current crop of
scholarship about enduring authoritarianism and stalled
transitions to democracy absorbed or transcended Nazih Ayubi's
insights about Arab states?
Table of
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GRADING CRITERIA
Three oral presentations, two of them with
one-page handouts in class, also to be posted to Blackboard :
30%.
Papers: 30% each - to be submitted in hard copy
and also to be posted to Blackboard.
Quality (not quantity!) of discussion in class or
via internet, also to be posted to Blackboard: 10%
Table of
contents | Main page
BOOKS AVAILABLE FOR
PURCHASE
- Ayyubi, Naizh N., Overstating the Arab State: Politics and Society in the
Middle East (London: Tauris,
1995)
- Francois Burgat, Islamism in the Shadow of al-Qaeda (U of Texas Press, 2008)
- El-Kenz, Ali, Algerian Reflections on Arab Crises (UT 1991) - your gift from the UT Center for MES (to be
obtained from the instructor)
- Fawcett, Louise, International Relations of the Middle
East, 2nd edition, Oxford University
Press, 2009)
- Hammoudi, Abdellah, Master and Disciple: the Cultural Foundations of
Moroccan Authoritarianism, (U. of
Chicago Press, 1997)
- Heydemann, Steven ed., Networks of Privilege in the Middle East (Palgrave, 2004)
- Ibn Khaldun, The
Muqaddimah (abridged ed. Princeton
Bollinger Series)
- Zachary Lockman, Contending Visions of the Middle East: the History and
Politics of Orientalism (Cambridge UP,
2004)
- Lust-Okar, Ellen, and Saloua Zerhouni, eds.,
Political Participation in the Middle
East (Boulder CO: Lynne Rienner,
2008).
- Timothy Mitchell, Rule of Experts (U of Calif,
Press, 2002)
- Owen, Roger, State,
Power, and Politics, 3rd edition
(Routledge, 2004)
- Said, Edward, Covering Islam: How the Media and the Experts Determine
How We See the Rest of the World
(Vintage pb, 1997)
Other good recent books for
starters for possible book reports:
- Robert D. Lee, Religion and Politics in the Middle East
(Westview, 2010) - available Sept 1,
2009, at amazon.com
- Paul Aarts & Gerd Nonneman, eds., Saudi
Arabia in the Balance: Political Economy, Society, Foreign Affairs
(London: Hurst 2005).
- Eva Bellin, Stalled Democracy: Capital, Labor,
and the Paradox of State-Sponsored Development (Cornell UP, 2002)
- Laurie A. Brand, Citizens Abroad: Emigration
and the State in the Middle East and North Africa (Cambridge
University Press, 2006)
- Jason Brownlee, Authoritarianism in an Age of
Democratization (Cambridge University Press, 2007)
- Steve Cook, Ruling Not Governing: The Military
and Political Development in Egypt, Algeria, and Turkey (NY:
Council on Foreign Relations, 2007)
- Waleed Hazbun, Beaches, Ruins, Resorts: The Politics of Tourism in the
Arab World (U of Minnesota Press,
2008)
- Robert W. Hefner, ed., Remaking Muslim
Politics: Pluralism, Contestation, Democratization (Princeton,
2005)
- Ellen Lust-Okar, Structuring Conflict in the
Arab World: Incumbents, Opponents, and Institutions (Cambridge
University Press, 2005)
- James McDougall, History and the Culture of
Nationalism in Algeria, Cambridge UP 2006
- Volker Perthes, Arab Elites: Negotiating the
Politics of Change (Lynne Rienner, 2004)
- Marsha Pripstein Posusney and Michele Penner
Angrist, eds., Authoritarianism in the Middle East: Regimes and
Resistance (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2005)
- Jillian Schwedler, Faith in Moderation:
Islamist Parties in Jordan and Yemen (pb ed 2007)
- Robert Vitalis, America's Kingdom: Mythmaking
on the Saudi Oil Frontier (Stanford University Press, 2007)
- Lisa Wedeen, Ambiguities of Domination:
Politics, Rhetoric, and Symbols in Contemporary Syria (U of
Chicago Press, 1999)
- Quintan Wiktorowicz, ed., Islamic Activism: A
Social Movement Theory Approach (Indiana University Press,
2004)
- Tahir Abbas, ed., Islamic Political Radicalism: A European
Perspective, Edinburgh University
Press, 2007.
Table of
contents | Main page
1st week (August 26): INTRODUCTION
Please come to class having read A special report on the Arab world, The Economist,
July 25, 2009 - it is available online at
the UT libraries website (just go to Journals and type "The
Economist").
The Middle East and North Africa: a distinctive
region? Area studies, comparative politics, and international
relations. Where does journalism end and scholarship begin? Or is
much of the latter just bad journalism? Here is one of my less
academic efforts, "The US and Iraq: American Bull in a Middle East
China Shop,"a recent chapter in Glad and Dolan, eds.,
Striking First, a book on the US and Iraq.
What were its analytic assumptions? Is "democracy" just an American
sledgehammer as many anti-imperialists in the region view it?
If you are just beginning the study of Middle
Eastern and North African politics, you may benefit from reading
Roger Owen, State, Power and
Politics cover to cover
immediately.
Table of
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2nd week (Sept. 2): EPISTEMOLOGICAL ISSUES AND AREA STUDIES
Stereotypes of "Oriental despotism" and of
"Orientalism": who are we to understand the "Other" and how, if at
all, might we try? What are some of the limitations of German
philosophy (Hegel, Marx...Weber) and American political science on
comprehending the "Orient"? For the record, the last major attempt to
evaluate US Middle East area studies from social science disciplinary
perspectives was a book edited by Leonard Binder in 1976,
The Study of the Middle East : research and
scholarship in the humanities and the social sciences (NY: John Wiley). Of an entirely different standard is
Martin Kramer, Ivory Towers on Sand: The
Failure of Middle Eastern Studies in America (Washington Institute for Near Eastern Policy,
2001).
- .Zachary Lockman, Contending Visions, 111-147,
182-214, and as much else as you have time to read.
- @ Yahya Sadowski, "The
New Orientalism and the Democracy Debate," Middle East
Report (July-Aug 1993), 14-21.
- *Edward Said, Covering Islam (it's a fast
read!)
- Further reading suggestions:
- *Mark Tessler ed., Area Studies and Social Science Strategies for
Understanding Middle East Politics,
(University of Indian press, 1999)
- Leonard Binder ed., The Study of the Middle East : research and
scholarship in the humanities and the social
sciences (NY: John Wiley,
1976)
- Ernest Gellner, Muslim Society
(1981)
- L. Binder, Islamic Liberalism, pp.
85-127 (deconstructing anti-orientalism).
- *Thierry Hentsch, Imagining the Middle East
(Montreal: Black Rose, 1992)
- J.B. Kelly, Arabia, the Gulf and the West (an example of "orientalist" expertise)
- *Edward Said, Orientalism (Pantheon
1978)
- Fred Halliday, Nation and Religion in the Middle
East (Boulder CO:Lynne Rienner,
2000)
- Roger Owen, "The Middle East in the
Eighteenth Century--an 'Islamic' Society in Decline?"
Review of Middle Eastern
Studies 1:101-112.
- Fuad Ajami, The
Arab Predicament (Cambridge 1981,
1992)
- Bernard Lewis, The Political Language of Islam
- *_____, What Went
Wrong : The Clash Between Islam and Modernity in the Middle
East (Oxford UP, 2002)
- Martin Kramer, Ivory Towers on Sand: The Failure of Middle Eastern
Studies in America (Washington
Institute for Near Eastern Policy, 2001)
Table of
contents | Main page
3rd week (Sept 9): WESTERN DECONSTRUCTIONS OF ISLAMIC
SOCIETIES
Toward a comparative analysis of colonial
situations. The peculiarities of the Middle East in the context of
the "Eastern Question." What is colonialism? What is Imperialism?
What might be meant by Lord Milner's characterization of Egypt as a
"veiled protectorate" and what might have been the implications for
Egypt's political development? Are we "colonizing" Iraq today? or
Kuwait?
- Roger Owen, State,
Power and Politics, 3rd ed., pp. 5-22
(chap 1).
- Nazih Ayubi, Over-Stating the Arab State,
pp. 1-38, skim pp. 86-134
- Louise Fawcett, ed. International Relations of the Middle East,
2nd edition
(Oxford, 2009), pp. 21-43 (Eugene
Rogan, The Emergence of the Middle East in the Modern State
System), 104-128 (C.M.Henry, The Clash of Globalizations)
- Timothy Mitchell, Rule of Experts, introduction
and chaps 1 and 2, cf. my review of
Mitchell in IJMES (optional).
- Francois Burgat, In
the Shadow of al-Qaeda, pp.
1-30.
- Henry and Springborg, draft
chapter 1 of Globalization and the politics of development in the
Middle East, 2nd edition (Cambridge
University Press in progress)
- Further reading suggestions:
- *Jeremy Salt, The
Unmaking of the Middle East: A History of Western Disorder in Arab
Lands, University of California Press,
2008.
- *Robert Vitalis, America's Kingdom: Mythmaking on the Saudi Oil Frontier
(Stanford University Press,
2007)
- *Toby Dodge, Inventing Iraq: The Failure of Nation Building and a
History Denied (Columbia UP,
2003)
- *Rashid Khalidi, Resurrecting Empie: Western Footprints and America's
Perilous Path in the Middle East (Boston: Beacon, 2004)
- *Joel S. Migdal, Through the Lense of
Israel: Explorations in State and Society, SUNY Press,
2001
- C.H. Moore, "The Colonial
Dialectic," (pdf file) in
Politics in North Africa (1970)
- Clement M. Henry and Robert Springborg,
Globalization and the politics of
development in the Middle East,
chapter
1.
- Tim Niblock, "Pariah States" and Sanctions in the Middle East:
Iraq, Libya, Sudan (Lynne Rienner,
2001)
- Leonard Binder, Islamic Liberalism
- L. Carl Brown, International Relations and the Middle
East.
- Abdallah Laroui, The crisis of the Arab intellectual : traditionalism
or historicism? (UC Press,
1976)
- Sir Alfred (later Lord) Milner,
England in Egypt (1892)
- John Marlowe, Spoiling the Egyptians
(N.Y.: St. Martin's, 1975)
- David S. Landes, Bankers and Pasha (Harvard,
1958)
- Robert L. Tignor, Modernization and British Colonial Rule in Egypt
1882-1914 (Princeton, 1966)
- Albert Memmi, The
Colonizer and the Colonized
(1965)
- *Timothy Mitchell, Colonizing Egypt, esp. pp.
1-33, 63-127, 161-179
- Franz Fanon, Wretched of the Earth
(1961)
- P. Bourdieu, The
Algerians (Beacon, 1962)
- Philip S. Khoury, Syria and the French Mandate: the Politics of
Arab
- Nationalism, 1920-1945 (Princeton 1987) esp. pp. 285-317, 619-630.
- Lisa Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and
Libya, 1830-1980 (Princeton,
1986).
Table of
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4th week (Sept 16): THE PROBLEM OF (WITH?) CIVIL SOCIETY
How may we usefully define civil society, so that
it is not just another western absence which impedes our
understanding of the Middle East? Let's try to shift away from the
"orientalist" focus on Islamic vs. Christian medieval heritages to
comparisons of catholic versus puritan legacies on both sides of the
Mediterranean--in search of "civil society." Discussion
questions.
- El-Kenz, Ali, Algerian Reflections on Arab Crises (Center for ME Studies, UT, 1992). pp.
9-31
- @ Bryan Turner, "Orientalism
and the Problem of Civil Society in Islam"
- @ Sami Zubaida, "Islam,
the State & Democracy: Contrasting Conceptions of Society in
Egypt," Middle East Report (Nov-Dec
1992), 2-10.
- Anna Seleny "Tradition,
Modernity, and Democracy: The Many Promises of
Islam, Perspectives on Politics 4:3
(Sept 2006), pp. 481-494. [get from apsa-net]
- Tom Carothers, Is Gradualism
Possible: Choosing a Strategy for Promoting Democracy in the
Middle East, Carnegie Endowment Working
paper No. 39, June 2003. And along these lines, maybe promoting
civil society is a big excuse for supporting existing regimes: cf
C..M. Henry, "...cyberspace.."Middle East Policy, Jan
1997
Further reading suggestions:
- *Amaney A. Jamal, Barriers to Democracy: The other side of Social Capital
in Palestine and the Arab World (Princeton University Press, 2007) and my
review in Perspectives on Politics (2008)
- Salim Nasr,
Arab
Civil Societies and Public Governance Reform: An Analytic
Framework and Overview (2005) -download and view the available country
descriptions of media and civil society
- Robert Hefner, Remaking Muslim Politics (Princeton Univrsity Press, 2005)
- *A. R. Norton ed., Civil Society in the Middle East, 2 vols (Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1995-96)
- *Amin Saikal and Albrecht Schnabel, eds.,
Democratization in the Middle East:
Experiences, Struggles, Challenges,
United Nations University Press, 2003. ($21.95 pb)
- *Yahia Zoubir, ed., North Africa in Transition: State, Society, and Economic
Transformation in the 1990s, University
Press of Florida, 1999
- *Daniel Brumberg and Larry Diamond, ed.,
Islam and Democracy in the Middle East
(2003), TOC and Introduction
- Mark Tessler et al (?), Islam and
Democracy in the Middle East (2001?) -
optional
- Frank Tachau, ed., Political Parties of the Middle East and North
Africa (Greenwood, 1994)--an
invaluable compendium of political associations.
- Timothy Mitchell, "The Limits of the State:
Beyond Statist Approcahes and their Critics," APSR 85:1 (March 1991),
77-96.
- Albert Hourani, "Ottoman Reform and the
Politics of the Notables," in W.P. Polk and R.C.
Chambers,
- *Ernest Gellner, Muslim Society (1981), pp.
1-56. Cf Gellner, Conditions of
Liberty (1994).
- *Simon Bromley, Rethinking Middle East Politics, pp. 1-34
- Leonard Binder, Islamic Liberalism, pp.
206-242
- Bryan Turner, Capitalism and Class,
chaps. 1 and 5
- ___________, Weber and Islam
(1974)
- Perry Anderson, Lineages of the Absolutist State (London, 1974), pp. 462-520 (on the 'Asiatic mode of
production')
- Ibn Khaldun, The
Muqaddimah, F. Rosenthal trans.,
chapters 3, 5:2.
- Maxime Rodinson, Islam and Capitalism
- Albert Hourani article in Hourani and
Stern, ed., The Islamic
City
- Abraham Marcus, The Middle East on the Eve of Modernity:
Aleppo (1989)
- Andre Raymond, Artisans et Commercants au Caire au XVIII
siecle (1973)
- ______, The Great
Arab Cities in the Sixteenth to Eighteenth
Centuries (NYU 1984)
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5th week (Sept 23): MASTER AND DISCIPLE: A syndrome of Arab
authoritarianism?
It is all very well to compare Western puritanism
and Islamism, but might there be an authoritarian political culture
underpinning both the corrupt states and Islamist responses in the
Arab world? How much can we generalize from the Moroccan experience
depicted by Abdellah Hammoudi?
- Abdellah Hammoudi, Master and Disciple: The Cultural Foundations of
Moroccan Authoritarianism, entire.
- @ Michael Hudson, The
Political Culture Approach to Arab Democratization: The Case for Bringing It Back In, Carefully, in Rex
Brynen et al, 1995: 61-76
- @ Eva Bellin, "The
Robustness of Authoritarianism in the Middle East," Comparative
Politics 36: 2 (Jan 2004),
139-158
- Marcus Noland, "Explaining
Middle Eastern Authoritarianism." (38
pp. but here is his summary of the argument)
- Further reading suggestions:
- *Jason Brownlee,
Authoritarianism in an Age of
Democratization (Cambridge University
Press, 2007)
- *Lisa Wedeen, Ambiguities of Domination:
Politics, Rhetoric, and Symbols in Contemporary Syria (U of
Chicago Press, 1999)
- *Eva Bellin, Stalled
Democracy: Capital, Labor, and the Paradox of State-Sponsored
Development (Cornell UP, 2002)
- * Marsha Pripstein Posusney and Michele Penner
Angrist, eds., Authoritarianism in the
Middle East: Regimes and Resistance (Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner, 2005)
- Hishm Sharabi, Neopatriarchy:
ATheory of Distorted Change in Arab Society (Oxford UP, 1988)
Table of
contents | Main page
No Class Sept. 30
6th week
(Monday, Sept 28): THE CLIENTELIST PARADIGM - N.B. this got added as one of our topics (cutting earlier
discussions of area studies and methodology by a week) as a result of
my recent research in Algeria and also from reading Werenfels on
Algerian elites, an expensive book that I reviewed for Middle East
Journal, winter 2008.
- "Lebanon:
zuama clientelism," in Library of
Congress Country Studies (1987).
- James C. Scott, "Patron-Client Politics and
Political Change in Southeast Asia," The American Political
Science Review, Vol. 66, No. 1. (Mar., 1972), pp. 91-113,
available at PCL Jstors linked here.
- Mohammed Hachemaoui, "Algeria's
May 17, 2007 parliamentary elections or the political
representation crisis," Arab Reform Initiative (Carnegie Foundation), 17 July 2007.
- Steven Heydemann, "Upgrading
Authoritarianism in the Arab World,"
Brookings, October 2007.
- Steven Heydemann, Networks of Privilege in the Middle East, pp. 1-35, 37-76 (Syria), 77- 100 (whales of Egypt),
and other countries/articles that may interest you.
Further reading
suggestions:
- *Ernest Gellner and JohnWaterbury, eds,
Patrons and Clients in Mediterranean
Socioeties (London: Duckworth,
1977)
- Dale Eickelman, Middle East : an Anthropological
Approach (Englwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice
Hall, 2nd ed., 1989)
- *Isabelle Werenfels, Managing Instability in Algeria: Elites and political
change since 1995 (Routledge, 2007)
[available in PCL electronically]
Table of
contents | Main page
7th week (Oct. 7):
First paper due.
VARIETIES OF STATES AND POLITICAL CULTURES IN THE
MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA
How do oil and various forms of foreign
intervention affect the MENA states? How might political and economic
changes in turn affect "political culture?" Can we discover any
significant differences between these "authoritarian" regimes by
examining their patterns of political participation? The World Bank
suggests some big differences among MENA states along the dimension
of Voice
and Accountability. (Just select the
indicator, then the MENA, then the 20 most populated countries,
eliminating Malta. You can also look at some of the other dimensions
of "governance." What do you think? Here is another possible
indicator of governance, trust in the banking system indicated by the
amount of money (M2) held in the banks (rather than under the
mattress). "Contract-intensive
money" (generated from current IMF
Internatationaal Financial Statistics) ranks MENA regimes along a
dimension correlated with my classification of regimes as prateorian
bunkers, bullies, monarchies, or democracies. For one of my earlier
takes on participation in Egypt, where I looked for civil society and
professional syndicates, see "Authoritarian
Politics in Unincorporated Society"
(1974)
- Roger Owen, chaps 2 and 3.
- Lust-Okar, Ellen, and Saloua Zerhouni, eds.,
Political Participation in the Middle
East, pp. 1-47, 259-266, 95-120
(Egypt), 171-191 (Egypt), 193-235 (Morocco), plus 1 other country
study
- Further reading suggestions:
- Gregory White, A
Comparative Political Economy of Tunisia and Morocco: On the
Outside of Europe Looking In
(Albany: SUNY 2001)
- *Hugh Roberts, The Battlefield Algeria 1988-2002: Studies in a
Broken Polity (London: Verso
2003)
- C.Henry, Algeria’s
Agonies: Oil Rent Effects in a Bunker State (2002 ms. online)
- Sami Zubeida, Islam,
the People and the State
- P. S. Khoury and J. Kostiner, eds,
Tribes and State Formation in the
Middle East
- D.F.Eickelman, "What is a tribe?" in
The Middle East: An Anthropological
Approach
- Ghassan Salame, "'Strong' and 'Weak'
States: A Qualified Return to the Muqaddimah," in G.
Luciani, The Arab
State, pp. 29-64
- Lisa Anderson, "The State..."
Comparative Politics (Oct 1987).
- Ibn Khaldun, The
Muqaddimah, F. Rosenthal trans.,
chapter 2.
- Robert Montagne, The Berbers; their social and political
organization (London,1973--PCL DT
313.2M6613 1973)
- ____________, Civilisation du desert
(generalizes from the Berbers)
- Ernest Gellner, Saints of the Atlas
- John Waterbury, Commander of the Faithful
(London, 1970)
- Christopher Alexander, Authoritarianism
and Civil Society in Tunisia,
MERIP no
205 (2005)
-
Table of
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8th week (Oct. 14): RELIGION AND "SOCIAL MOBILIZATION" IN A WORLD
ECONOMY
Standard modernization theory (Deutsch, Lerner) is
often criticized for confusing social with political mobilization
(Huntington) and for not taking sufficient account of the "dependent"
context in which these processes occur. Dependency theory views
contemporary third world states as enjoying little more political
autonomy than their colonial predecessors. Coming from a very
different theoretical tradition, Carl Brown also emphasizes the
continuities rather than the differences between the dependent
Ottoman Empire, penetrated by various Great Power interests, and the
independent order of successor states. Which states today are
expanding their "national" constituencies; which ones, like Lebanon's
presidential palace at Baabda in the 1980s, are besieged fortresses?
In what senses might states in the region be described as
"penetrated" polities? How are new identities are being forged in
opposition to external threats or neo-colonial domination?
What frames of reference are competing with the
nation-state? How can we view ethnicity, confessionalism, Arabism,
Universal Theory, Islamic fundamentalism, etc.? Toward a contingency
theory of political identity? Mosaic societies? Was the Lebanese
civil war just an aberration--or an expression of underlying
political tensions in the Middle East? From a Marxian standpoint
Samir Amin argues "Political
Islam at the Service of Imperialism,"
Monthly Review, Dec. 2007 - what do you think?
And finally and most importantly for this
seminar, how does contemporary islamism compare to the asabiya
enlarged by religion in Ibn Khaldun's day? Do we need, as Francois
Burgat proposes, to revisit colonial dialectic to understand
contemporary political Islam? And maybe keep an eye on Palestine -
see Electronic
Intifada ...also here is the latest
Political Islam
Online
- Ibn Khaldun, The
Muqaddimah, (abbreviated Rosenthal
translation, Bollingen series, Princeton UP) pp. 5-9, 91-101,
123-166, 230-255
- Graham Fuller, The
Youth Crisis in Middle Eastern Society
(2004) - earlier Brookings Institution more detailed draft
paper (2003)
- examine the age pyramid distributions of
Algeria, Saudi Arabia, and any other countries of your choice at
http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idbpyr.html
- Henry, Algeria: Free Press,
Opaque Political Economy (2003 ms.
online)
- @ Ellis Goldberg, "Smashing
Idols and the State: The Protestant Ethic and Egyptian Sunni
Radicalism," Comparative Studies in Society and
History (1991), 3-35.
- Francois Burgat, Islamism in the Shadow of El-Qaeda, continue reading..
- Further reading suggestions:
- * Peter
Mandaville, Global Political Islam
(Routledge, 2007)
- Khaled Abou El Fadl, The Great Theft: Wrestling Islam from the Extremists
(HarperCollins, 2005)
- ________, Islam
and the Challenge of Democracy (Princeton University Press, 2004)
- Olivier Roy, Globalized Islam: the Search for a New
Ummah (Columbia UP, 2004)
- Noah Feldman, After Jihad: America and the Struggle for Islamic
Democracy (NY: Farrar, Straus, and
Giroux, 2003)
- Cyril E. Black and L. Carl Brown, eds,
Modernization in the Middle
East (Princeton: Darwin,
1992)
- L. Carl Brown, International Relations and the Middle
East (1984)
- Clifford Geertz, Islam Observed: Religious Development in Morocco and
Indonesia (Yale, 1968)
- Bernard Lewis, The
Political Language of Islam,
- Bryan Turner, Capitalism and Class in the Middle
East, esp. ch. 6, 11.
- *Daniel Lerner, The Passing of Traditional Society (1958)
- Karl Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (1952)
- Samuel P Huntington, Political Order and Changing
Societies (Yale l968)
- Michael Hudson, The Precarious Republic: Political Modernization in
Lebanon (1968, 1985)
- A. R. Norton, Amal and the Shi'a (UT
Press, 1987).
- Guilain Denoeux, Urban Unrest in the Middle East (Albany: SUNY 1993)
- Michael Johnson, Class and Client in Beirut
(Ithaca, 1986)
- C.H. Moore, "Prisoners' Financial Dilemmas:
A Consociational Future for Lebanon?" Am Pol Sci Rev 81: 201-218
(March 1987).
- Bertrand de Jouvenal, The Pure Theory of Politics, appendix on the problem of applying the principle
of national self-determination.
- Fuad Ajami, The
Arab Predicament (Cambridge,
1981)
- Arend Lijphart, Democracy in Plural Societies (Yale 1977).
- E. Gellner, Nations and Nationalism
- I. Harik, "Political Integration..."
International Journal of Middle East
Studies 3:3(1972), 303-23.
- A. Hourani, "Race, Religion and the Nation
State," in A Vision of
History (1961)
- _________, "Ideologies of the Mountain and
the City," in Rogen Owen, ed., Essays on the Crisis in Lebanon,
pp. 33-42.
- Khalaf, Samir, Lebanon's Predicament
(Columbia UP, 1987) DS 87 K395 1987
Table of
contents | Main page
9th
week (Oct. 21): SOCIAL BASES OF
OPPOSITIONS: THE STRUGGLE AGAINST CLIENTELISM AND INEQUALITY
How relevant are western theories to the problem
of legitimate political order in the Arab-Islamic world? Are Max
Weber's categories useful? Is patrimonialism (a "traditional" form of
political order) legitimate? In whose eyes? How necessary is
legitimacy for a regime's political survival? How does patronage
help, and what forms may it take? How durable is the rentier state?
Can the oil rents insulate the region from international trends
favoring democratization? Or is the era of clientelism passing away
with "traditional society?" We look at Marxian and other approaches
to elites, examine social classes, and ask what (class?) interests
might political Islam be articulating. Can class, by the way, enable
us to explain political outcomes, such as policies and power
structures (i.e. patterns of selection of political elites), in ways
that are not circular?
[p.s. I just happened to see a new analysis of
Lebanese confessional represention by Mark Farha, "Demography
and Democacy in Lebanon, in
Middle East Monitor 3:1 (jan-march 2008) - and Salafi-jihadism
in Lebanon by Gary C. Gambill in same
issue]
- @ Manfred Halpern, "The
New Middle Class" in The Politics of Social Change in the Middle East and
North Africa
- Abdulaziz Sager, The
Private Sector in the Arab World
– Road Map Towards Reform, Arab
Reform Initiative, Dec . 10,
2007.
- @ Michael Hudson, "The
Legitimacy Problem in Arab Politics,"
Arab Politics, pp. 1-30
- Nazih Ayubi, pp. 164-195
- @ Hanna Batatu, "...Social
Roots of Syria's Ruling Group,"
MEJ
(1981)
- additional item I should have assigned
earlier: G. Luciani, chapter in Aarts and Nonneman on Saudi Arabian bourgeoisie -
and please note relative
sizes of industry value-added in MENA
countries
-
- Further reading suggestions:
- *Hanna Batatu, Syria's Peasantry, the Descendants of Its Lesser
Rural Notables, and Their Politics
(Princeton, 1999)
- *Lisa Wedeen, Ambiguities of Domination: Politics, Rhetoric, and
Symbols in Contemporary Syria (U of
Chicago Press, 1999)
- Shana Cohen, Searching for a Different Future: The Rise of a Global
Middle Class in Morocco. Durham, NC:
Duke UP, 2004, reviewed in my "North Africa's
Desperate Regimes," Middle East Journal summer
2005.
- Sami Zubeida, Islam, the People and the State
- S.E. Ibrahim, "Anatomy of Egypt's Militant
Islamic Groups," IJMES 12 (1980)
- James Bill, "Class Analysis and the
Dialectics of Modernization," IJMES 3 (1972), 417-434.
- *C.H. Moore, Images of Development: Egyptian Engineeers in Search
of Industry (Cairo: AUC,
1994)
- Caglar Keyder, State and Class in Turkey: A Study in Capitalist
Development (London and NY: Verso,
1987)
- Bryan Turner, Capitalism and Class in the Middle East
- Bernard Lewis, The Political Language of Islam
- *Hanna Batatu, The Old Social Classes and the Revolutionary
Movements of Iraq (Princeton,
1978).
- I.W. Zartman ed., Man, State and Society in the Contemporary
Maghreb (Praeger, 1973)
- I. William Zartman, ed., Elites in the Middle East
(Praeger1980)
- _________, Political Elites in Arab North Africa (Longman 1982)
- A. Drysdale, "The Syrian Political Elite,
1966-1976," Middle East
Studies 17(1981):1, 3-30
- C.A.O. van Nieuwenhuijze, ed.,
Commoners, Climbers, and Notables: a
Sampler of Studies on Social Ranking in the Middle
East (Leiden: Brill, 1977)
- G. Luciani, The
Arab State
- E Gellner and J Waterbury, Patrons and Clients in
Mediterranean
Societies (London 1977).
- Entelis, John P., Islam, Democracy and the State in North Africa
- G. Hossein Razi, "Legitimacy, Religion, and
Nationalism in the Middle East," APSR 84:1 (March 1990),
69-91.
- Max Weber, Economy and Society (eds.
Roth and Wittich), pp. 31-38, 212-245, 1006-1031.
- Robert Springborg, Family, Power, and Politics in Egypt (1982).
- Hisam Sharabi, Neo-Patriarchy: A Theory of Distorted Chnge in Arab
Society (Oxford 1988)
- Lisa Anderson, The State and Social Transformation in Tunisia and
Libya, 1830-1980 (Princeton,
1986).
- Davis, E and N Gavrielides, eds.,
Statecraft in the Middle East: Oil,
Historical Memory and Popular Culture (Florida Intl UP 1991)
Table of
contents | Main page
10th
week (Oct. 28): CHANGING OF THE
ELITES?
If we can produce a substantive definition of a
state bourgeoisie, can we also show that this bourgeoisie is in
decline? If bureaucrats help their private sectors cousins to line
their collective pockets, can the new "interests" sustain a bountiful
state? How useful a category is "bourgeoisie," state or private, for
conjuring up constellations of interests that can be subjected to
political analysis? How much of a target does it become for Islamist
oppositions, and why? Alternative ethnic identities? You have
readings on Saudi identity as well as Algerian elites. What can we
say about Berbers in Algeria or the possible "Lebanonization" of
Iraq? (which I feared
earlier and could spell out more clearly
today)
- Ayubi, pp. 196-255
- Louise Fawcett, International Relations of the Middle East,
pp. 129-147 (A.R. Norton, The Puzzle of
Political Reform).
- @Volker Perthes, Arab
Elites: Negotiating the Politics of Change (Lynne Rienner, 2004), 1-32,
46,120, 173-205, 301-307
- Further reading suggestions:
- *Steven Heydemann, ed., Networks of Privilege in the Middle
East (Palgrave, 2004)
- *Volker Perthes, Arab Elites: Negotiating the Politics of
Change (Lynne Rienner, 2004)
- * Isabelle Werenfels, Managing Instability in Algeria: Elites and political
change since 1995 (Routledge 2007) -
cf my
review
- * Jason Brownlee, Authoritarianism in an Age of
Democratization (Cambridge
University Press, 2007)
- Hugh Roberts, The
Battlefield Algeria 1988-2002: Studies in a Broken
Polity (London: Verso 2003)
- Guilain Denoeux, "State and Society in
Egypt," Comparative
Politics (1988)
- Hamied Ansari, Egypt: the Stalled Society
(SUNY, 1986)
- Robert Springborg, Family, Power and Politics in Egypt (Penn., 1982)
- John Waterbury, The Egypt of Nasser and Sadat (Princeton, 1983)
- Hanna Batatu, The
old social classes and the revolutionary movements of Iraq : a
study of Iraq's old landed and commercial classes and of its
Communists, Ba'thists, and Free Officers (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press,
1978)
- ______, Syria's
peasantry, the descendants of its lesser rural notables, and
their politics (Princeton, NJ:
Princeton University Press, 1999)
- Marion Farouk-Sluglett and Peter Sluglett,
Iraq since 1958: From Revolution to
Dictatorship (New York: Methuen
1988).
- John P. Entelis, Algeria: The Revolution
Institutionalized (Westview,
1986)
- Mahfoud Bennoune, The Making of Contemporary Algeria,
1830-1987
- (Cambridge, 1988) PCL HC 815 B48
1988
- Yahya M. Sadowski, Political Vegetables? Businessman and Bureaucrat in
the Development of Egyptian Agriculture (Brookings, 1991)
- Ernest Gellner and Charles A. Micaud,
Arabs and Berbers: from tribe to
nation in North Africa (London:
Duckworth, 1973)
Table of
contents | Main page
11th week (Nov. 4): MILITARY RULE AND REVOLUTION
How do we distinguish between coups and
revolutions? What is a revolution and what might some of its
preconditions be? Can we predict future Irans? Or revolutionary
futures?
- Roger Owen, pp. 178-199
- Ayubi, pp. 256-288
- @ S.A. Arjomand, "Iran's
Revolution in Comparative Perspective"
World Politics (1986)
- @ Ian S. Lustick, " Writing
the Intifada," World Politics (July 1993),
560-594. Try this update from Political Islam
Online :
"The
Religious Transformation of the Palestinian Fight" (March 4, 2008)
- David M. Faris, "The
end of the beginning: The failure of April 6th and the future of
electronic activism in Egypt," Arab
Media and Society, Issue 9, Fall 2009 (courtesy of Steven
Brooke)
- Further reading suggestions:
- *Steve Cook, Ruling
Not Governing: The Military and Political Development in Egypt,
Algeria, and Turkey (NY: Council on
Foreign Relations, 2007)
- *Mohammed M. Hafez, Why Muslims Rebel: Repression and Resistance in the
Islamic World (Boulder CO: Lynne
Rienner 2003)
- William B. Quandt, Between Ballots and Bullets: Algeria's Transition from
Authoritarianism (Brookings,
1998).
- A. Richards and J. Waterbury, Political Economy of the Middle East
- Sami Zubeida, Islam, the People and the State
- S.A. Arjomand, The Turban for the Crown
(Oxford, 1988), esp. pp. 189-211.
- _______, After
Khomeini: Iran Under His Successors.
Oxford Univ., $24.95 (272p) ISBN 978-0-19-539179-4
- Elizabeth Picard, "Arab Military in
Politics: from Revolutionary Plot to Authoritarian State," in
G. Luciani, The Arab
State, pp. 189-219.
- Barry Rubin and Thomas Keaney, eds.,
Armed forces in the Middle East :
politics and strategy, London: Frank
Cass, 2002
- Leonard Binder, In a Moment of Enthusiasm: Political Power and the
Second Stratum in Egypt (Chicago,
1978)
- Michael Johnson, Class and Client in Beirut
(Ithaca, 1986)
- E. Burke III and I.M. Lapidus, eds.,
Islam, Politics, and Social
Movements, pp. 263-313 (arts. by
Hamid Alger, Ervand Abrahamian, and Nikki Keddie)
- Issa J. Boullata, Trends and Issues in Contemporary Arab
Thought, Albany: SUNY Press, 1990
pb.
- F Kazemi and J Waterbury, eds.,
Peasants and Politics in the Modern
Middle East (Florida Intl U Press,
1991
- Theda Skocpol, "Rentier State and Shi'a
Islam in the Iranian Revolution," Theory and Society (Dept.
of Sociology, U of Chicago, 1982), pp. 265-283)
- Glenn E. Robinson, "The Role of the
Professional Middle Class in the Mobilization of Palestinian
Society: The Medical and Agricultural Committees,"
International Journal of Middle East
Studies (May 1993), 301-326.
- Glenn E. Robinson, Building a Palestinian State (Indiana UP, 1997)
Table of
contents | Main page
12th week (Nov 11):TOWARD A TYPOLOGY OF ISLAMIC REVIVALISM: MASS
MOBILIZATION?
Reassertions of Muslim identity, expressed through
the Muslim Brotherhood and other socio-political movements, have been
on the rise in the Arab world since the June War of 1967. Perhaps
they have peaked in Egypt and Tunisia, but they are still visible in
various forms throughout the Middle East (as are analogous Jewish
movements in Israel). How do regimes cope with them, with what
implications for political development?
- Roger Owen, pp. 154-177.
- @ William E. Shepard, "Islam
and Ideology," International Journal of Middle East
Studies 19 (1987), pp. 307-336. [he has
also written "Sayyid Qutb's Doctrine of 'Ja-hiliyya',"
International Journal of Middle East
Studies 35 (2003)]
- Francois Burgat, Islamism in the Shadow of
al-Qaeda (U of Texas Press, 2008) - finish it.
- Clement Henry and Rodney Wilson, eds.,
The Politics of Islamic
Finance (Edinburgh University Press,
2004), draft Introduction and Conclusion - apparently the whole book is now available
online!
- @ Excerpt from C.M. Henry, Population,
urbanisation and the dialectics of globalisation, draft chapter for Cambridge
History of Islam,
vol. VI (in progress - proofs)
- Latest news (Nov. 10, 2009): Global
switch to Islamic finance needed: Ahmadinejad
- Further reading suggestions:
- FYI: Cheryl Benard (wife of Ambassador
Khalilzad), Civil
Democratic Islam: partners, resources,
strategies (Rand Corporation,
2003)
- *Roxanne Euben, Enemy in the Mirror: Islamic
Fundamentalism (Princeton,
1999)
- *Timur Kuran, Islam and Mammon: the Economic Predicaments of
Islamism (Princeton 2004 )
- @ Mona El-Ghobashy, "The
Metamorphosis of the Egyptian Muslim Brothers," International Journal of
Middle East Studies, 37:3 (August
2005), 371-395
- @ Henri Lauciere, "Post-Islamism
and the Religious Discourse of 'Abd al-Salam Yasin," International Journal of
Middle East Studies, 37:2 (May 2005),
241-261.
- John Esposito, ed., Political Islam: Revolution, Radicalism, or
Reform? (Rienner, 1997)
- Francois Burgat and W Dowell,
The Islamic Movement in North
Africa, esp. pp. 1-41,
247-310
- Aziz Al-Azmeh, Islams and Modernities
(Verso, 1993)
- Ruedy, John, ed., Islamism and Secularism in North
Africa, NY: St Martin's, 1996
pb.
- Moussalli, Ahmed S., Radical Islamic Fundamentalism: The Ideological and
Political Discourse of Sayyid Qutb
(Beirut: American University of Beirut, 1992)
- *Bulliet, Richard, Islam: the view from the edge, NY: Columbia UP,1994
- Frank Vogel and S.L. Hayes, III,
Islamic Law and Finance: Religion,
Risk and Return ((Luwer Law
International, 1998)
- Roy, Olivier, The
Failure of Political Islam
(Cambridge, MA: Harvard, 1994)
- E. Burke III and I.M. Lapidus, eds.,
Islam, Politics, and Social
Movements
- Giles Kepel, Prophet and Pharaoh (U.
California 1986)
- *Ernest Gellner, Muslim Society
- *Leonard Binder, Islamic Liberalism
- The Annals,
vol 524 (Nov 1992) special issue on Political Islam ed. C.E.
Butterworth and I.W. Zartman.
- Layachi, A. and Haireche, A., "National
Development and Political Protest: Islamists in the Maghreb
Countries," Arab Studies
Quarterly 14:2-3 (spring-summer
1992), pp. 69-92.
- Susan Walz, "Islamist Appeal in Tunisia,"
MEJ, 40:4
(1986), 651-670
- Islam and the State, Middle East Report no. 153
(July-Aug 1988)
- Henry Munson, Jr., Islam and Revolution in the Middle
East (Yale 1988)
- Wilfred Cantwell Smith, Islam in Modern History
(Princeton, 1957).
- James F. Piscatori, Islam in a World of Nation-States (Cambridge, 1986)
- John L. Esposito, Islam and Politics
(Syracuse, 1984)
- John L. Esposito, The Islamic Threat Mythor Reality? (Oxford 1992)
- Olivier Carre, L'utopie islamique dans l'Orient
arabe (Paris: FNSP, 1991)
- R. Hrair Dekmejian, Islam in Revolution: Fundamentalism in the Arab
World (Syracuse, 1985)
- James P. Piscatori, ed., Islam in the Political Process (Cambridge, 1983)
- Shireen T. Hunter, ed., The Politics of Islamic Revivalism: Diversity and
Unity (Indiana, 1988)
- William R. Roff, ed., Islam and the Political Economy of Meaning:
Comparative Studies of Muslim Discourse (U Calif. Press, 1987)
- Emmanuel Sivan, "Sunni Radicalism in the
Middle East and the Iranian Revolution," IJMES 21:1-30 (Feb
1989)
- ___________, Radical Islam: Medieval Theology and Modern
Politics (Yale, 1985)
- Tibi, Bassam, Islam and the Cultural Accommodation of
Change (Westview, 1991 pb)
Table of
contents | Main page
13th week (Nov 18): MORE DEMOCRACY, REPRESSION, OR CONTAINMENT?:
Adjustment and/or Adjustments to Islamism?
Second paper due.
Buying loyalty? Strategies of capital accumulation
and distribution to be discussed with specific reference to Egypt.
Can we infer strategies from the available evidence? Does it make
sense to view the state as a an autonomous actor, even if it make
less sense to reduce it to the executive committee of the
bourgeoisie, the new middle class, or some tribal asabiya or sectarian
abstraction? Are the Arab core states fragmenting (specters of
Lebanonization?)? How much influence do donor states and
international institutions (IMF, World Bank) wield in the internal
policy-making of the 'soft' states? What of the internal, domestic
pressures on governments? On oil economies? Evolution of rentier
states away from static ("orientalist") passivity of the rentiers? Is
the suppression of Islamist political movements a by product of
economic adjustment and "globalization?"
Whether emanating from civil society or controlled
by the state, interests are assumed to become ever more demanding and
complex as societies evolve in the contemporary world. Political
scientists have transferred Italian, Portugese, and/or East European
"corporatism" to Nasser's Egypt, Turkey on occasion, and other Middle
Eastern states. But how far can these conceptual transplants
legitimately travel? And what do we make of rising sectarianism
within states and transnationally - cf. Sectarianism
and National Identity and The
Changing Face of Jihad – Culture Trumps
Ideology, Political Islam Online (retrieved April 24, 2008)? Here is a NYT review
of recent books by Olivier Roy and Noah
Feldman - no rosy prospects for political development in the
region!
A number of authoritarian regimes are opening up
to more pluralistic and democratic practices. Turkey's military rule
imposed in 1980 has given way to somewhat competitive elections, and
both Egypt and Tunisia have engaged in political as well as economic
"opening up." Since the mid-1970s Morocco, too, has sustained a
semblance of representative democracy. These limited experiments all
suggest a question. How do they relate to changes in economic policy?
Is a strong and autonomous private sector a necessary condition for
institutionalizing political competition? Is it sufficient? Proposed
questions for discussion after reading:
- Roger Owen, pp. 113-153, 200-240
- Mitchell, chap 9.
- Melani Cammett, "Fat Cats
and Self-Made Men, " Comparative Politics 37:4
(July 2005), 379-400; my review of
her book in MEJ
- Lou Cantori, Americanized Political Science
and the State as a Coercive Institution in the Middle
East, 1999 APSA paper.
- @Eberhart Kienle, "More
than Response to Islamism: the Political Deliberalization of Egypt
in the 1990s," Middle East Journal 52:2
(spring 1998), pp. 219-235
- @ Ellen Lust-Okar, "Divided
They Rule," Comparative Politics 36: 2
(Jan 2004), 159-180
- Timothy Mitchell, Rule of Experts, chaps 7-8.
Here is my review of
his book in International Journal of Middle East
Studies 36 (2004), 321-324
- Thomas Carothers, Revitalizing
US Democracy Assistance, Carnegie
2009
- Further reading suggestions:
- *Marsha Pripstein Posusney, Labor and the State in Egypt (Columbia UP, 1997)
- Fahmi Jedaane, "Notions of the State in
Contemporary Arab-Islamic Writings," in G. Luciani,
The Arab State, pp. 247-283.
- Leonard Binder, Islamic Liberalism
- *Robert Bianchi, Interest Groups and Political Development in
Turkey (1984)
- *Robert Bianchi, Unruly Corporatism
(Oxford, 1989), pp. 3-34, 90-123, 158-224.
- Sullivan and Abed-Kotob, Islam in Contemporary Egypt: Civil Society vs. the
State
- S.E. Ibrahim, C. Keyder, and Ayse Oncu
eds., Developmentalism and Beyond:
Society and Politics in Egypt and Turkey (American University in Cairo, 1994)
- G. O'Donnell, P. Schmitter and L. Whitehead
eds., Transitions from Authoritarian
Rule: Prospects for Democracy,
chapter on Turkey by Ilkay Sunar and Sabri Sayari.
- John Waterbury, The Egypt of Nasser and Sadat, part 4: "Politics without Participation," pp.
307-388.
- *Ellen Lust-Okar, Structuring Conflict in the Arab World
(Cambridge UP, 2005)
- * Jillian Schwedler, Faith in Moderation: Islamist Parties in Jordan and
Yemen
- Abdo Baaklini, Guilain Denoeux, and Robert
Springborg, Legislative Politics in
the Arab World (Lynne Rienner,
1999)
- Tim Niblock, Saudi
Arabia: Power, Legitimacy, and Survival (Routledge 2006)
- Islam,
Democracy and the Secularist State in the Post Modern
Era, Center for the Study of Islam
and Democracy, 2nd Annual Proceedings, Georgetown, April
2001.
- M. Riad El-Ghonemy, Affluence and Poverty in the Middle
East (Routledge, 1998)
- Henry, Clement M., The Mediterranean Debt Crecent (UP of Florida, 1996)
- Harik, Iliya, and D.J. Sullivan,
Privatization and Liberalization in
the Middle East (1992), esp. pp.
1-23, 123-166.
- Henri Barkey, ed., The Politics of Economic Reform in the Middle
East (1992)
- Jean Leca,"Social Structure and Political
Stability: Comparative Evidence from Algeria, Syria, and Iraq,"
in G. Luciani,The Arab
State, pp.150-188
- I. W. Zartman, "The Opposition as a Support
of the State" in G. Luciani, The Arab
State, pp. 220-246
- Caglar Keyder, State and Class in Turkey: A Study in Capitalist
Development (London and NY: Verso,
1987) pb., pp. 91-247
- *Eberhart Kienle, A Grand Delusion: Democracy and Economic Reform in
Egypt (London: Tauris, 2001)
- Raymond A. Hinnebusch, Jr., Egyptian Politics Under Sadat: The Post-Populist
Development of an Authoritarian-Modernizing
State (Rienner, 1988)
- Raymond A. Hinnebusch, Peasants Bureaucracy in Baathist
Syria (Westview, 1989), pp. 31-60,
285-305.
- Robert Springborg, Mubarak's Egypt: Fragmentation of the Political
Order (Westview, 1989)
- Kiren Aziz Chaudry, "Labor Remittance and
Oil Economies," International
Organization 43:101-145 (Winter 1989)
- Kiren Aziz Chaudry, The Price of Wealth
(Cornell 1997)
Table of
contents | Main page
14th week (Dec. 2):
ISSUES OF REGIONAL INTEGRATION AND
GLOBALIZATION
We need to gain a regional perspective, looking at
relationships between domestic politics (within one country) and
international (primarily intra-Arab) politics. If pan-Arabism is
dead, the ghost still seems very much alive. There is an Arab
Free Trade Area Agreement (1997), which
had a quick Lebanese
farmers' reaction. And the Agadir
Agreement of 2004 for a Free Trade Zone
(Morocco-Tunisia-Egypt-Jordan). Islamism, too, supports transnational
organizations. Subregions, such as the Maghreb, the Gulf (GCC), and
Egypt-Sudan, may also be undergoing gradual, subdued, relatively
"apolitical" processes of integration. May transnational currents
favor a restructuring of "civil society" in the region? And how does
the region fit into the larger international picture - does proximity
to Europe help unite or divide the Arab world? (Speaking of
transnationals, here is the latest from West Point's Combating
Terrorism Center: The Power of
Truth: Questions for Ayman Al-Zawahiri )
And P.S. here are some more links to view in class: Arab
Free Trade Agreement 1997; US
Middle East Free Trade Initiatives; World
Bank World
Trade Indicators; European
Neighborhood Policy; Agadir
Agreement 2004; and the funny
map. Also a Middle East Survey of the
various trade agreements
as of 2002.
Here are some questions (to be revised):
- Roger Owen, chap 4
- Louise Fawcett, ed. International Relations of the Middle East,
2nd edition
(Oxford, 2009), pp. 148-227 (chapters
by Hinnebusch, Mandaville, Fawcett, and Stein)
- Carolyn M. Warner and Mnfred W. Werner,
"Religion
and Political Organization of Muslims in Europe," Perspectives on
Politics 4:3 (Sept 2006), pp.
457-479.
- Further reading suggestions:
- *Gerd Nonneman, ed., Analyzing Middle East Foreign Policies
(Routledge, 2005)
- *Shibley Telhami and Micahel Barnett, eds.,
Identity and Foreign Policy in the
Middle East (Cornell 2002)
- World Bank, IS
THERE A NEW VISION FOR MAGHREB ECONOMIC
INTEGRATION? (Nov 2006)
- *Hudson,
Middle East Dilemma, pp. 1-106.
- Brynen, Rex, Korany, and Noble eds
Political Liberalization and
Democratization in the Arab World, vol.
I, pp. 283-337 (articles by Gregory Gause, Gabriel Ben-Dor, and
editors' conclusions).
- George Joffe, ed., Special Issue on
Perspectives on Development: The Euro-Mediterranean
Partnership, The Journal of North
African Studies 3:2 (summer
1998)
- G.E. Fuller and I.O. Lesser,
A Sense of Siege: The Geopolitics of
Islam and the West (Westview-Rand,
1995), pp. 1-12, 81-174
- Luciani and Salame, "The Politics of Arab
Integration," in G. Luciani, The Arab
State, pp. 394-419
- L. Carl Brown, International Politics
- Malcolm Kerr, The
Arab Cold War
- Patrick Seale, The Struggle for Syria
- Malcolm Kerr and El Sayed Yassin, eds.,
Rich and Poor States in the Middle
East (Westview, 1982)
- Saad Eddin Ibrahim, The New Arab Social Order: A Study of the Social
Impact of Oil Wealth (Westview,
1982)
- Bassam Tibi, "Structural and Ideological
Change in the Arab Subsystem Since the Six Day War," in Yehuda
Lukacs and Abdalla Battah, The
Arab-Israeli Conflict (Westview,
1988)
- R.K. Ramazani, The Gulf Cooperation Council: Record and
Analysis (U Va., 1988)
- Erik R. Peterson, The Gulf Cooperation Council: Search for Unity in a
Dynamic Region (Westview, 1988)
-
Table of
contents | Main page
Sept. 23, 2009
Department
of Government, College of Liberal
Arts, University of Texas at
Austin.
Questions, Comments, and Suggestions to
chenry@mail.utexas.edu